Diazepam, first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche) is a benzodiazepine derivative drug. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, skeletal muscle relaxant and amnestic properties. It is commonly used for treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, and muscle spasms. It may also be used before certain medical procedures (such as endoscopies) to reduce tension and anxiety, and in some surgical procedures to induce amnesia. It is sometimes referred to by street names, including 'blues', 'mother's little helper', 'drunk pills', 'vals', 'V', and occasionally 'ludes', mistaken for Quaaludes. As well as less specific street terms, 'candy' (pills), 'benzos' (benzodiazepines), or downers (depressants).

Symptoms of valium abuse
Diazepam is a drug of potential dependence and addiction. Between 50 and 64% of rats will self administer diazepam. Benzodiazepines including diazepam in animal studies have been shown to increase reward seeking behaviours by increasing impulsivity which may suggest an increased risk of addictive behavioural patterns with usage of diazepam or other benzodiazepines. Diazepam is often found as an adulterant in heroin. This may be because diazepam greatly amplifies the effects of opioids.

The withdrawal symptoms of Valium are similar to those of alcohol and other barbiturates which include:
• convulsions and tremors
• abdominal and muscle cramps
• vomiting and sweating

Consequently, after extended abuse, abrupt discontinuation should generally be avoided and a gradual dosage-tapering schedule followed.

The symptoms of a Valium overdose include:
• coma
• confusion
• diminished reflexes
• sleepiness

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